An examination of the performances of traditional percussion instruments in Turkiye and Iran: the example of Darbuka and Tombak

Abstract

Each country has its own traditional, rhythmic, and performative characteristics within its music system. However, cultures that are close to each other, especially neighboring countries, exhibit interactions in the arts as well as political, social, and literary exchanges. Two countries, such as Iran and Turkiye, which have maintained close relations in various aspects throughout history, have influenced each other in the art of music or have been influenced by one another. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of traditional percussion instruments in music by highlighting the commonalities and differences between Turkish and Iranian musical cultures. Additionally, examining the musical interaction of instruments like darbuka and tombak will help us comprehend the artistic dimensions of cultural exchange between the two countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance techniques, physical similarities, and differences of darbuka and tombak, traditional Turkish and Iranian percussion instruments, and to compare the musical and technical approaches in both cultures. This research employed a qualitative approach as it is based on archival and observational data. During the data collection phase, national and international books, publications, articles, and theses reflecting the music cultures of the countries were examined, and relevant sections were studied and archived. The findings of this research reveal similarities in appearance, technique, and naming between tombak and darbuka. These similarities and differences were examined in detail in each section, and a thorough analysis of each feature was conducted with the help of sources. As a result, due to the cultural and artistic proximity of the two countries, these two instruments share common characteristics in terms of technique, appearance, and other aspects, while also possessing unique features specific to the music of their respective countries. This research could serve as a foundation for further studies, projects, and concerts exploring the cultural and musical commonalities between Iran and Turkiye.