Classification of Peşrevs in the Performance Process

Abstract

In the repertoire of Classical Turkish Music, the peşrev is a form of instrumental composition written in large rhythmic cycles (usûl), and due to this feature, it encompasses a wide range of modal progression (makam). Throughout history, peşrevs have been evaluated, particularly in terms of the number of hâne (sections), and examined based on their physical characteristics under different names. Unlike many studies that focus on the structural characteristics of peşrevs, this research examines them in terms of their performance characteristics and classifies them accordingly. The significance of this study lies in its potential to serve as a resource for performers by distinguishing peşrevs from one another during the performance process due to the many features that will be presented within the scope of the research. The problem addressed by this research is the classification of peşrevs during performance processes in Turkish music. The study employs document review/analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. In the classification of works in the peşrev form within the repertoire of Classical Turkish Music during the performance process, criteria such as rhythmic cycle (usûl), period, style, place within a suite (takım), naming, performance context, and compositional purpose were considered. According to this, it has been determined that peşrevs are used in five distinct performance contexts: religious rituals (âyin), classical suites (klâsik fasıl), song suites (şarkı faslı), solo instrumental concerts, and mehter (Ottoman military bands), each exhibiting different characteristics related to its respective context. As a result of the study, the features of peşrevs in terms of their functional properties and the contexts they serve have been identified. In light of these findings, it has been observed that, in addition to theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge affecting the performance process is also needed in research on musical forms in the field. It is recommended that efforts in this direction be accelerated.